When the steel is refined it is passed for secondary steel making and continuous casting. Nitrogen and argon are added for further refining. The carbon leaves the converter as carbon monoxide gas which is cleaned and reused as a fuel or burned off. At the same time, the lime reacts with other impurities to form a slag. The oxygen combines with carbon and other elements eliminating these impurities from the molten iron converting it into steel. Lime is added during the early part of the blow. A long water-cooled pipe, known as the ‘lance’ is lowered into the converter and pure oxygen blown through it. The converter is egg shaped and is mounted on pivots so that it can be rotated. The molten iron is poured into the steel-making converter. The process by which iron is converted into steel is known as the Basic Oxygen Steel making or BOS. The molten iron, known as hot metal, is brought from the blast furnace and transferred into a mixer. The dust is removed and the clean gas is stored in a holder far re-use. The blast furnace produces a great deal of hot dusty gas, consisting of carbon monoxide with some hydrogen. Slag is lighter than the molten iron and because it floats on top, it is skimmed from the surface of the iron during casting. It combines with these unwanted materials to form a liquid slag. In the furnace the limestone acts as a flux and helps to separate the iron from the gangule. Iron ore contains earthy impurities known as gangule. As well as iron ore and coke, limestone is fed into the top of the blast furnace. The sinter is sized and passed to the blast furnace.Ĭoke is used as a fuel and very high temperature is obtained by forcing a blast of hot air into the bottom of the furnace. This creates enough heat to melt the outside of the particles of material, making an iron rich clinker called sinter. A conveyor grate carries the mixture under a hood where a gas flame ignites the coke. It is then mixed with limestone, coke, coal dust and water. Iron ore is delivered to the sinter plant and emptied into a hopper. The coke is cooled and passed to the blast furnace The gas, mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is used as fuel in other parts of the plant. The gas is purified in the by-products plant where tar, ammonia, napthalene and benzol are removed. When the cool is turned into coke, some gas is driven off. The coke ovens produce many tons of coke per charge. The coal is crushed to 1/8” or less and sent to the coke ovens.
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